As ice and snow melt, the water produced seeps down into the pavement and weakens its base. When the weather turns cold again, the water freezes and expands, forcing the pavement apart and causing cracks, breaking apart the road base.
Because of the softening of its base and the cracks caused by freezing, the pavement becomes very weak and annot stand up to the constant wear of traffic.
Chunks of asphalt begin to break off fro the pavement, slowly wearing a hold in the road.